Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is the most abundant natural hydro-soluble antioxidant used as a dietary supplement for the human [1], and it exists in various fruits and vegetables such as lemons, oranges, and broccoli. Therefore, the chemical process and thermodynamics are crucial to determine the operating conditions and the type of equipment used. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Moreover, in the Reichstein process, sorbitol in the conventional batch fermenter inhibits the growth of bacteria and high initial concentration of sorbitol decrease the rate of oxidation [8]. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the revenue obtained from the selling of ascorbic acid and by-product of sodium hydroxide affects the most to the net present value, while the production cost determined by the raw material cost affects the least. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56(56):567576, Boudrant J (1990) Microbial processes for ascorbic acid biosynthesis: a review. The market survey of ascorbic acid highlights that this investment exhibits high potential due to the increasing awareness towards a healthy lifestyle. CAS Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan, Fumihito Hasebe,Kazuya Adachi,Chitose Maruyama&Yoshimitsu Hamano, Fukui Bio Incubation Center (FBIC), Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui, Japan, Fumihito Hasebe,Chitose Maruyama&Yoshimitsu Hamano, Department of Life Science & Technology, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan, You can also search for this author in 2010 Jan;85(3):491-506. doi: 10.1007/s00253-009-2307-y. Combining genome shuffling and interspecific hybridization among streptomyces improved -Poly-l-Lysine production. The objective of this study is to design an ascorbic acid production plant with a capacity of 500 tonne per year, 60% target product recovery, and high purity of 95%. L-aspartate ammonia-lyase Microorganisms used for fermentation However, the two-step fermentation has higher efficiency and product quality than the Reichstein process [6]. Plant Sci 10:921. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00921, Pei W, Zhang J, Deng S, Tigu F, Li Y, Li Q, Cai Z, Li Y (2017) Molecular engineering of L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase for improved activity and catalytic stability. 2022 Nov 30;6(4):71-81. doi: 10.1049/enb2.12026. 7`Y-!^ReBHOkG$JK-"lFB4liG2K3*[k]7- Vitamin D . Before the calculation of total capital investment cost, cost estimation was done. Sci. This strain, 70, was derived by several steps of mutation from wild strain 2247 producing glutamate, successively via a citrate . Accessibility 2013;36:18439. |^hf~B|k7aaBx=^(@Wf volume37, Articlenumber:79 (2021) PubMed However, the mixed culture is hard to be detected and controlled the contamination of the fermentation. Microbiol China 44:23372344. J Biol Chem 278:5185151862. The detailed P&ID for this plant design is shown in Fig. Therefore, their properties and values are manually added to the databank for simulation. YH led the study. Although it is not incorporated into proteins, it has important physiological functions in the metabolism of animals, plants and microorganisms. 2006 Jun;9(3):268-74. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2006.03.001. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Process design and economic studies of two-step fermentation for production of ascorbic acid, $$\mathrm{C}_{6}\mathrm{H}_{14}\mathrm{O}_{6} + 1/2\mathrm{O}_{2} + \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3} \to \mathrm{C}_{6}\mathrm{H}_{8}\mathrm{O}_{6} + \mathrm{NaOH} + \mathrm{CO}_{2} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$, $$\mathrm{C}_{6}\mathrm{H}_{14}\mathrm{O}_{6} + 3/2\mathrm{O}_{2} + \mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{CO}_{3} + \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3} \to \mathrm{C}_{6}\mathrm{H}_{8}\mathrm{O}_{6} + 3\mathrm{NaOH} + 2\mathrm{CO}_{2} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$, $$\mathrm{FCI} = \mathrm{Total}\,\mathrm{direct}\,\mathrm{cost}+\mathrm{Total}\,\mathrm{indirect}\, \mathrm{cost}$$, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2604-8, Process Simulation and Techno Economic Analysis of Astaxanthin Production from Agro-Industrial Wastes, Development of a bidimensional analysis approach for nbutanol and electricity production in apple pomace biorefineries in a Mexican context, Optimization of process parameters for enhanced biohydrogen production using potato waste as substrate by combined dark and photo fermentation, Lactic acid fermentation of food waste at acidic conditions in a semicontinuous system: effect of HRT and OLR changes, Preliminary techno-economic evaluation of 2G ethanol production with co-products from rice straw, A lab fermenter level study on anaerobic hydrogen fermentation using potato peel waste: effect of pH, temperature, and substrate pre-treatment, Sequential optimization of the fermentation factors with integrating seed culture adaptation for increased biorefinery of beet molasses to lactic acid, Application of the solid-state fermentation process and its variations in PHA production: a review, Enhanced production of Aspergillus niger inulinase from sugar beet molasses and its kinetic modeling. Finally, we discuss the main problems and challenges in optimizing the biological pathways, offering perspectives on promising new biological approaches. The addition of selected amino acids aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and proline at different concentrations had varied effects on the production of BC. Consequently, a heat exchanger network for all heat sinks and heat sources (as shown in Fig. 2012;64:283-302. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-5055-5_14. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 1. Data collection and analysis were performed by Leilei Wang and Tao Chen. 2016;100:661930. Li H, Durbin R. Fast and accurate short read alignment with BurrowsWheeler transform. For these bacterial strains, platinum (Pt) acts as an immobilization matrix (GCE/MnOx-MoOx/Pt) where GCE stands for Glassy carbon electrode, and MnOx-MoOx is the manganese and molybdenum mixed oxides. 2007;76:87382. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The thermodynamics and chemistry data for each equipment in a sequence is listed in Table 1. eCollection 2023 Feb. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. As mentioned before, the economic analysis is assessed based on three scenarios, which are the base case, the best case, and the worst case. 1972;50:56974. PubMed Central J Appl Microbiol 96(6):13171323, Department of Environment Malaysia (2012) Guidelines for siting and zoning of industry and residential areas. Also, it is an essential cofactor for various metalloenzymes in the human body [2]. The total operating cost was calculated based on 330 working days, with a total of 33 batches per year. For the worst case, the product selling price is decreased by 20%, where raw material and the tax rate is increased by 20%. Combined metabolic analyses for the biosynthesis pathway of l-threonine in. In the first fermenter, the sorbitol is converted to sorbose by Gluconobacter oxydans [12] in 14h for 98% conversion [11]. Combination of glassy carbon electrode with molybdenum and manganese oxides makes Gluconobacter oxydans. The current study presents the conceptual design of a chemical plant for an annual production of 500 tonne ascorbic acid or Vitamin C with a high purity of 95% via fermentation of d-sorbitol. Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. government site. The process was optimized by recycling sorbose back to the second fermenter (FR-102) after the filtration process. 2017 Dec;245(Pt B):1588-1602. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.145. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 104:160171, Andreas W B (2000) Method for the production of l-ascorbic acid by lactonization of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid or s2-keto-l-gulonate esters. Food Ferment Ind 34:485488. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 6) in Appendix, the two-step fermentation process involves lesser steps than the Reichstein process; thus, it reduces energy and water consumptions. Seibutsu Kogaku. However, the energy balance for crystallizer has obtained a percentage error of 120.98%. Food Bioprocess Technol 2:400, Sonntag RE, Borgnakke C, Van Wylen GJ, Van Wyk S (1998) Fundamentals of thermodynamics, vol 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-019-03013-1, Galston AW, Sawhney RK (1990) Polyamines in plant physiology. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. Finally, perspectives of systems metabolic engineering for developing AFAA overproducers are suggested with selected exemplary studies. Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, Peoples Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, Peoples Republic of China, You can also search for this author in Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, Rezaei E, Dzuryk S (2019) Techno-economic comparison of reverse water gas shift reaction to steam and dry methane reforming reactions for syngas production. Metab Eng 30:121129. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. FH, KY, TO, CM, and YH designed experiments. eCollection 2022 Dec. Liu H, Zhu Z, Xue Q, Yang F, Cao W, Xue Z, Liu X, Zheng H. PLoS Pathog. Besides, as shown in the process flow diagram (Fig. It is expected to reach 2.4 million tonne by the year 2023, with a compound annual growth rate of 3.5% from the years 2016 to 2023. Med Sci Sports Exerc 50:22422252. The manual calculation for mass and energy balances are performed on several major equipment. Meanwhile, the thermodynamics properties of each component are presented in Table a.2 in the Appendix. There are three main categories for the calculation of total capital investment, namely direct cost, indirect cost and Fixed Capital Investment (FCI). Current status on metabolic engineering for the production of l-aspartate family amino acids and derivatives. Another approach is to use purified recombinant enzymes. The demand for lactic acid and lactic acid-derived products in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries is increasing year by year. The L-configuration of . The above simulated flow sheet as shown in Fig. Production of Glutamic acid and Aspartic acid by fermentation | Bio scienceGlutamic Acid Fermentation: Discovery of Glutamic AcidProducing Microorganisms, Analysis of the Production Mechanism, Metabolic Engineering, and Industrial Production Process.Production of citric acid and Lactic acid :-https://youtu.be/fL0CN_iyylAFermentation and working of fermenter :-https://youtu.be/hav_yLrgFqsKindly share this video to your friends :-https://youtu.be/AsyuxlFk1-gFollow us on Instagram:-https://www.instagram.com/invites/contact/?i=1b2g8oyjw0j7p\u0026utm_content=a6w9vtsSubscribe to my channel for more other videos :-https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6f6uufF5g_caYnMO72ezKg?view_as=subscriberCheckout other playlists for other more videos :-BIOTECHNOLOGY :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3DpcwmdkTU-j1z9ZHJjsV_QeYjPLANT BIOTECHNOLOY :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3DpcxTYUBTvVRCfVWxZNqm1Vk6rDNA TECHNOLOGY :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3DpcwlQVn432qZsJ7Rngo5cZn0IMMUNOLOGY :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3Dpcw_mRaxmAHbY-WLWaWDwcZyIMMUNOTECHNOLOGY :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3DpcwGoU_YHZreGLduSdl2-IXGBOTANY :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3DpcykhoGF8dxi-euBLpBf3SU1ZOOLOGY :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3DpczB1K9QKxmaPvJpejEWigdOANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOY :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3DpcxPYYEhf3db5Nvlv3ZIYdXYCARBOHYDRATES | BIOCHEMISTRY :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3DpcxgWeowAaDfiCm79YrQBoH4FERMENTATION :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3DpczvZ4prUNuuQiNsn7foEz7sBIOSTATISTICS :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3DpcyP-usNXC2KVTPvMPZPewLOGENETICS :-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLA34Ra3DpcwGkAaQe_EqL6qcMSzS4l41For other more playlists and videos, checkout my channel :-https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6f6uufF5g_caYnMO72ezKg?view_as=subscriberFermentationFermentation processWhat is fermentationProduction of citric acidProduction of lactic acidProduction of Aspartic acid1Production of Glutamic acid1citric acid productionaspartic acid9glutamic acid4fermentation processglutamic acid production2production of glutamic acid by fermentationproduction of aspartic acid by fermentationBio science The plant is located strategically with the main supplier of raw material, Prima Inter-Chem. Keywords: Production, Aspartic Protease, Microbial Enzymes, Submerged Fermentation, Solid State Fermentation 1. Mol Microbiol. 5. The global sorbitol production capacity is approximately 500 kilo tonne in the year 2013 from China as the largest producer, followed by the United States and Western Europe. Biotechnol Lett 36:16811686. II/IV B.Tech BioechnologyStudents1,2, Dept. Furthermore, the payback period of the worst scenario is 3.36years. Meanwhile, the pricing and tariffs of electricity are obtained from the local electricity companys official website. Picornavirus infection enhances aspartate by the SLC38A8 transporter to promote viral replication. Engineered strains generated faster growth and -PL production rates when compared with the control strain. The chemical equation for the two-step fermentation process (for a single culture and a mixed culture) is shown as Eq. The authors declare no competing interests. Bioinformatics. Furthermore, from the Eq. Eng Constr Archit Manag 25(1):113131, Towler G, Sinnott R (2012) Chemical engineering design: principles, practice and economics of plant and process design. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Therefore, heat exchanger network has only performed on process stream that is available for heat exchange at the same time. CM and YH performed the experiments for RT-PCR and the construction of S. albulus transformants. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9017-2, Tomita H, Yokooji Y, Ishibashi T, Imanaka T, Atomi H (2014) An archaeal glutamate decarboxylase homolog functions as an aspartate decarboxylase and is involved in beta-alanine and coenzyme A biosynthesis. https://doi.org/10.13344/j.microbiol.china.170835, Ramjee MK, Genschel U, Abell C, Smith AG (1997) Escherichia coli L-aspartate-a-decarboxylase:preprotein processing and observation of reaction intermediates by electrospray mass spectrometry. CAS Epub 2006 Apr 17. These findings showed that enhanced lysine biosynthetic gene expression generated faster and higher -PL production levels. The cost for the equipment where its size exceeds the size boundary is calculated as multiple units in series when the specified diameter is too large. }, author={Radhakrishna Shetty and Frederik Riddersholm Petersen and Raju . The chemical engineering plant cost index for the year 2017, which is 567.5 is used to determine the purchased equipment and bare module costs. Aspartic proteases (E.C.3.4.23.) As a result, the simulation might be unrealistic as compared with real case situations. <>stream Microb Cell Fact. New Phytol 183:117132. J Biosci Bioeng 92(6):524531, Vandamme EJ, Revuelta JL (2016) Industrial biotechnology of vitamins, biopigments, and antioxidants. These cases are compared, and then the most feasible case is chosen. Also, mass and energy balances were performed manually to validate the results from SuperPro Designer. In the former pathway, l-lysine is biosynthesized from l-aspartic acid via diaminopimelate . %PDF-1.7 Dairi T, Nakano T, Aisaka K, Katsumata R, Hasegawa M. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene responsible for chlorination of tetracycline. Chem React Eng Technol 12:160, Zhang T, Zhang R, Xu M, Zhang X, Yang T, Liu F, Yang S, Rao Z (2018) Glu56Ser mutation improves the enzymatic activity and catalytic stability of Bacillus subtilis L-aspartate alpha-decarboxylase for an efficient -alanine production. Therefore, heat exchanger network only performs on process stream that is available for heat exchange at the same time. Mechanism of -poly-L-lysine production and accumulation revealed by identification and analysis of an -poly-L-lysine-degrading enzyme. Besides, the minimum hot and cold utilities required are 8.1106W and 8.3105W, respectively. J Insect Physiol 18:791796, Schmitzberger F, Kilkenny ML, Lobley CMC, Webb ME, Vinkovic M, Vinkovic DM, Witty M, Chirgadze DY, Smith AG, Abell C, Blundell TL (2003) Structure constraints on protein self-processing in L-aspartate--decarboxylase. Bookshelf Appl Environ Microbiol. This reaction produces the intermediate products such as sorbose, sodium keto-gluconic acid, keto-gluconic acid, methyl gluconate, and sodium ascorbate. Wang, L., Mao, Y., Wang, Z. et al. Colorimetric method for estimating polylysine and polyarginine. Enzyme Microb Technol 12(5):322329, Xu A, Yao J, Yu L, Lv S, Wang J, Yan B (2004) Mutation of Gluconobacter oxydans and Bacillus megaterium in a two-step process of l-ascorbic acid manufacture by ion beam. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. In addition, profitability analysis was performed by adjusting parameters of the market condition, which are products selling price, raw material cost, and taxation rate. The condition of the worst scenario will yield total revenue and NPV of USD 68.67 million and USD 8.45 million with a payback period of 3.4years. All hot and cold streams in each time interval are predefined in Table 7. ISSN 1881-1469 (online) Later, this fermentation broth is fermented in the second fermenter (FR-102) by Pseudoglyconobacter Saccharoketogenes for 72h to produce sodium keto-gluconic acid [13]. Med Sci Sports Exerc 46:14261432. The total bare module cost of the two main fermenters was calculated to be around USD 5.56 million while the two CSTRs were approximately USD 2 million. The site is secure. 1977;41:18079. When the E. coli strains with deleted fumarase genes were used to catalyze L-aspartic acid synthesis from ammonium fumarate (1.5 M solution), it was observed that only the simultaneous loss of . Hamano Y, et al. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. Moreover, the properties of methyl gluconate, keto-gluconic acid, sodium keto-gluconic acid, keto-gluconic acid, and sodium ascorbate are assumed to be same as the properties of ascorbic acid due to unavailability of component data. Besides, a ratio controller is used to determine the flow rate of one stream with respect to a second stream based on the objective of the system itself. PubMedGoogle Scholar. J Bacteriol:12911297, Deng S, Zhang J, Cai Z, Li Y (2015) Characterization of L-aspartate--decarboxylase from Bacillus subtilis. The production of ascorbic acid involves a series of the biochemical and chemical reaction. Chaudhary D, Singh A, Marzuki M, Ghosh A, Kidwai S, Gosain TP, Chawla K, Gupta SK, Agarwal N, Saha S, Kumar Y, Thakur KG, Singhal A, Singh R. Sci Rep. 2022 Aug 13;12(1):13801. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16468-w. Fermentative production of branched chain amino acids: a focus on metabolic engineering. (2023)Cite this article. Thus the main objective of the present study was to purify and characterize aspartic protease from locally identified fungi. The . Takeuchi Y, et al. Shima S, Sakai H. Poly-l-lysine produced by streptomyces. Piping and instrumentation diagram for ascorbic acid plant. Hasebe, F., Adachi, K., Yamanaka, K. et al. . You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. The energy balance in each equipment is also calculated and compared with the results from the simulation in Tables 5 and 6. Microbios Letters 30:7377, White WH, Gunyuzlu PL, Toyn JH (2001) Saccharomyces cerevisiae is capable of de novo pantothenic acid biosynthesis involving a novel pathway of -alanine production from spermine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. Mol Biol Rep 37:31993205. In order to obtain an acid protease with high hydrolysis efficiency to plant protein, in this study, an aspartic protease from Aspergillus niger was heterologous expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris). The purpose of this article is to discussvarious perspectives on aspartic acid, including its industrial utility, global markets, production andmanufacturing, optimization, challenges, and future outlook. Hamano Y, et al. Among them, L-threonine, L-lysine and L-methionine are three major amino acids produced currently throughout the world. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Eng Biol. It is followed by performing heat cascade to determine the hot and cold pinch temperatures, as well as minimum hot and cold utilities. Google Scholar. To obtain Correspondence to 8600 Rockville Pike As shown in Tables 3 and 4, there is no significant deviation for the mass balance, which the percentage errors do not exceed 5%. Meanwhile, the total approximated FCI for the plant designed was approximately USD 52.22 million with the working capital of USD 7.78 million. Google Scholar. Therefore, the working capital is calculated by using the Goal Seek function in Microsoft Excel. First direct evidence for direct cell-membrane penetrations of polycationic homopoly(amino acid)s produced by bacteria. On the other hand, the cost of utilities used around the plant site was also evaluated. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. . FH, KY and YH wrote the manuscript. and JavaScript. et al. Li S, et al. Two-step fermentation with a single culture was chosen as it requires low production cost, less energy, and water consumption. Methyl gluconate reacts with sodium carbonate to form sodium ascorbate. Equation(4) is taken from Towler and Sinnott [21]. On the other hand, Table 8 shows the calculation of total capital investment cost by using the Lang Factors method. The current study presents the conceptual design of a chemical plant for an annual production of 500 tonne ascorbic acid or Vitamin C with a high purity of 95% via fermentation of d-sorbitol. In terms of process technologies economy, the atom economy values for the Reichstein process and two-step fermentation are 0.6424 and 0.5383, respectively. Ginger Extract: Best Testosterone Booster for Diabetics. 2015;33:2905. J Biol Chem 276:1079410800. This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grants 20K21284 (Y.H. 2007;71:137386. Kato JI, Hashimoto M. Construction of consecutive deletions of the Escherichia coli chromosome. 1998;76:48793. The electricity usage in the plant is assumed to be medium industrial voltage usage tariff. 2001;91:1904. Development of gene delivery systems for the -poly-L-lysine producer, Streptomyces albulus. In this plant design, the two-step fermentation process with a single culture is selected since it is environmental-friendly, as well as it has lesser toxicity and lower cost as compared to the Reichstein process [4]. 2005;55:13749. Li S, et al. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. Asp is the mature form of APP1 in thylakoids, including a complete aspartic . ), 20H02918 (Y.H. J Biol Chem 236:781790, He Y (2017) Research progress of biosynthesis of glutathione and its purification conditions Chem Intermed:7980, Hilton MG, Mead GC, Elsden SR (1975) The metabolism of pyrimidines by proteolytic clostridia. This indicates that the high selling price of ascorbic acid can cope with the fluctuations in the market. @article{Shetty2023FermentationOB, title={Fermentation of brewer's spent grain liquids to increase shelf life and give an organic acid enhanced ingredient. KY performed RNA-Seq analysis. Acta Sci Nat Univ Jilinnensis 2(4):7578, Lundgren S, Gojkovic Z, Piskur J, Dobritzsch D (2003) Yeast beta-alanine synthase shares a structural scaffold and origin with dizinc-dependent exopeptidases. 4b). Moreover, it continues to grow and reach USD 1770 million by the year 2022. Improved -Poly-L-Lysine production of an S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine resistant mutant of streptomyces albulus. Curr Microbiol. Derya Dursun, Alexandros Koulouris & Ali Cokun Dalg, Carlos Eduardo MolinaGuerrero, Idania ValdezVazquez, J. Rafael AlcntaraAvila, Simone Pau, Lea Chua Tan, Piet N. L. Lens, Khushboo Swapnil Bhurat, Tushar Banerjee, Swapnil Sureshchandra Bhurat, Hassan M. A. Alrefaey, Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed Salah Azab, Camila Rios Piecha, Taisha Carvalho Alves, Patrcia Silva Diaz, SN Applied Sciences 2021;78:26407. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M009804200, White WH, Skatrud PL, Xue Z, Toyn JH (2002) Specialization of function among aldehyde dehydrogenases:the ALD2 and ALD3 genes are required for -Alanine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genome shuffling enhanced -Poly-l-Lysine production by improving glucose tolerance of streptomyces graminearus. 1, 70% of sorbitol solution is fed to the first fermenter (FR-101) along with ammonia, water and air to undergo oxidative fermentation under 30C and pH 6 with an initial concentration of 200g/L [11]. the production and applications of microbial aspartic proteases. Trans Tianjin Univ 14(1):3742, Langrish TAG (2008) Degradation of vitamin c in spray dryers and temperature and moisture content profiles in these dryers. PubMedGoogle Scholar. McGraw Hill, New York. #7. Arch Microbiol 102:145149, Lee JW, Na D, Park JM, Lee J, Choi S, Lee SY (2012) Systems metabolic engineering of microorganisms for natural and non-natural chemicals. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2604-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2604-8. Economic analysis is done on the plant design of ascorbic acid to determine its total investment, total capital and total operating costs. Hongwu Ma or Tao Chen. Both natural pre-fermentation and SC7 pre-fermentation altered the concentrations of amino acids in fresh coconut water. Li W, et al. Thus, the production plant of ascorbic acid designed can meet the business concern of stakeholders. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. ChemCatChem 10:49844991. US patent 7,091,375, Xu B, Zheng X, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Shang H (2008) Kinetics of esterification of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid with methanol catalyzed by cation exchange resin. J Biol Chem 227:693700, Chen M, Qi Y, Xiao Y, Hua C, Li J, Liang A (2018) Biocatalytic synthesis of -alanine from fumaric acid by a two-enzyme system bulletin of fermentation. Background Adding acid protease to feed can enhance protein digestibility, boost feed utilization, and stimulate the growth of animals in breading industry. The formula used to calculate the mass and energy balance are shown in Table 2. The control objectives for the plant are: to achieve production capacity of 500 tonne per year, to control of reactant ratio to minimize waste and increase reaction conversion, to control of microenvironment for bacterial fermentation as the performance of bacteria is strongly dependent on the microenvironment, to achieve product specification of 95% purity, to maximize heat exchange between process stream to minimize energy consumption, to control of optimum operating conditions. Microbiol China 1:605, Zou X, Guo L, Huang L, Li M, Zhang S, Yang A, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Zhang H, Zhang J, Feng Z (2020) Pathway construction and metabolic engineering for fermentative production of beta-alanine in Escherichia coli. TPC is the summation of POC, TMC and total general expenses such as the administrative expenses, distribution and marketing insurance as well as research and development expenses. Hence, the two-step fermentation with a single culture or a mixed culture is more preferred than the Reichstein process. These parameters are controlled by using a feedback control scheme where some of them are associated with cascade, ratio and override control scheme. At first, for the estimation of the operating cost, raw materials cost, utilities cost and operating labors cost need to be calculated. As shown in Table 9, the calculated TPC was approximately USD 43.56 million annually. Yamanaka K, et al. M-Z18. In this study, homology searches of diaminopimelate (DAP) pathway genes (dapB and dapE), in an S. albulus genome database, were shown to encode predicted enzymes using dapB or dapE in Escherichia coli strain complementation assays. Production of Aspartic Acid-A Short Review P.Praveen kumar1,B.Mounika2, Dr.D.Sarvamangala3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 8009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia, Shi Min Lim,Michelle Siao Li Lau,Edward Ing Jiun Tiong,Mun Min Goon,Roger Jhee Cheng Lau,Wan Sieng Yeo,Sie Yon Lau&Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak, You can also search for this author in Google Scholar. The worst case is when the product selling price decreases by 20%, the raw material cost increase by 20%, and the tax rate also increases by 20%. The heat duty used was obtained from SuperPro Designer, and it is compared with the manual calculation of the heat duty. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114911 Corpus ID: 258884226; Fermentation of brewer's spent grain liquids to increase shelf life and give an organic acid enhanced ingredient. The cost estimation for each equipment is done before the designation of each equipment, hence the dimension of the equipment such as height, length and diameter are assumed and pre-defined. StringTie enables improved reconstruction of a transcriptome from RNA-seq reads. Meanwhile, the concentrated sulphuric acid is the hazardous chemical involved in this process. Not applicable (as the work did not involve or use any novel microbial strain, plasmid, virus, other material such as prions or cell lines and nucleotide or amino acid sequence data). Plant Physiol 94:406410, Gao L, Qiu J (2007) Research advances in L-aspartate decarboxylase. The total depreciation was approximately USD 1.56 million, which equivalent to 3% of the TCI. Heat integration is performed to minimize the consumption of energy and the total operating cost. As mentioned earlier, since the production of ascorbic acid is a batch process, the period where process streams are available for heat exchange might be different. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. Annu Rev Entomol 24:2961, Campbell LL (1957) Reductive degradation of pyrimidines. PubMed Central Use of enzymes or immobilized cells. Epsilon-poly-L-lysine: recent advances in biomanufacturing and applications. Meanwhile, the current price for corn is USD 146 per tonne, wheat is USD 232 per tonne, molasses is USD 261 per tonne, and sorbitol is approximately USD 500 per tonne. The feedstocks to produce ascorbic acid include corn, wheat, molasses and d-sorbitol. ), and by a JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) 22H05122 (C.M.). Overall heat exchanger network for all heat sinks and heat sources at different time intervals. In the plant, different types of transmitter, controller and valves were used for safety purposes. Bio science 66.8K subscribers Subscribe 18K views 3 years ago FERMENTATION Production of Glutamic acid and Aspartic acid by fermentation | Bio science Glutamic Acid Fermentation:. Some cultivation parameters were studied and the results showed that the optimum fermentation medium was composed of wheat bran, 2.0% (w/w) peptone and 2.0% (w/w) yeast extract, and the conditions for maximum protease production were an initial moisture content of 50.0%, an inoculum level of 10 7 spores g 1 and an incubation at 23 C. Advances in biotechnological production of -alanine. Pre-treatment is required to extract glucose from corn, molasses and wheat before the conversion of glucose into d-sorbitol. Next, the recovered 2-keto-gulonic acid is fed to an evaporator (TFE-101) to remove the water before entering a continuous stirred tank reactor, CSTR (R-101). On the other hand, purification of ascorbic acid requires both chemical and physical processes, which involve heat and mass transfers. Notice that the base case has a payback period of 1.80years, 55.65% of return on investment, and USD 29.11 million net profit. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10359-8, Zrenner R, Riegler H, Marquard CR, Lange PR, Geserick C, Bartosz CE (2009) Chen3 CT, Slocum RD A functional analysis of the pyrimidine catabolic pathway in Arabidopsis. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03042-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03042-1. Direct fermentation; 3. CAS TMC includes taxes for the property, insurance, financing and depreciation cost. your institution, https://doi.org/10.13344/j.microbiol.china.170009, https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201802023, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-019-03013-1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.02.007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2018.02.008, https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001697, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8337-y, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2019.04.012, https://doi.org/10.13344/j.microbiol.china.170835, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-009-9902-y, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-014-1527-0, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2015.05.005, https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000248, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9017-2, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-3796(17)30527-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2018.04.004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10359-8, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02843.x. Microbiol Open 1(3):298310, Painelli VdS, Nemezio KM, Pinto AJ, Franchi M, Andrade I, Riani LA, Saunders B, Sale C, Harris RC, Gualano B, Artioli GG (2018) High-intensity interval training augments muscle carnosine in the absence of dietary beta-alanine intake. volume2, Articlenumber:816 (2020) Enhancement of -poly-l-lysine production by overexpressing the ammonium transporter gene in Streptomyces albulus PD-1. The capital cost investment for the plant is high, but the profits are covered up with the high selling price of Vitamin C produced. Then, sodium ascorbate is fed to another bipolar membrane electrodialysis (GBX-102) to recover ascorbic acid. 2007;3:17. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01327-13, Wang C, Ye W, Xue L, Liu Z, Zhou Z (2019) Modification of aspartate -decarboxylase from Tribolium castaneum and its application in producing -alanine. The water produced in the reactor is evaporated in a vacuum evaporator (TFE-102) before feeding the ascorbic acid to crystallization process (CR-101) for 54h at 4C. Would you like email updates of new search results? Microbial metabolic engineering for L-threonine production. Moreover, it is difficult to obtain an optimum balance among the microorganisms involved [10], and the cultivation of two different bacteria requires more time and space. #8. Ascorbic acid can be synthesized via the Reichstein process or two-step fermentation process with a single or mixed culture [3]. Article The calculation of atom economy for the two-step fermentation process is shown in Table a1 in the Appendix. Agric Biol Chem. 1981;45:2497502. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. They depend on aspartic acid residues for their catalytic activity and show maximal activity at low pH. Due to the huge production of Vitamin C via a batch process, the larger size of equipment is designed. The feasibility study of ascorbic acid production was performed through simulation using SuperPro Designer. 2022;5:1132. Mol Syst Biol. Breakeven analysis is also done to determine the payback period of the plant designed. Chin J Anim Nutr 28:10271034, Qian Y, Liu J, Song W, Chen X, Luo Q, Liu L (2018) Production of -alanine from fumaric acid using a dual-enzyme cascade. Since the optimum storage temperature for solid ascorbic acid is 4C, it is heated before feeding into a storage tank. The three available process technologies used to produce ascorbic acid are the Reichstein process, the two-step fermentation with a single culture, and the two-step fermentation with a mixed culture. Biochem Physiol Pflanzen 173:467499. Chem Eng Res Des 126:161171, Article This was done since the fermenter contains more sorbose than sorbitol, and it will affect the conversion of sorbitol to sorbose if it is recycled back to the first fermenter. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The objective function of adding a recycle stream is to minimize waste and to increase production. 4. Wan Sieng Yeo. Direct cost includes cost of purchased equipment and transportation charges for all instrumentation and controls equipment, piping, yard improvements and service facilities. This is a preview of subscription content, access via J Biosci Bioeng. Cite this article. Depreciation of equipment was included during the calculation of the total production cost. During the treatment of patients with ALL, l-Asparaginase that is injected (antineoplastic agent) into the body hydrolyzes l-asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia leading to starvation of . By employing an enzyme column packed with the immobilized aspartase, conditions for continuous production of L aspartic acid from ammonium fumarate were investigated. Then, these costs are used to calculate Plant Overhead Cost (POC), Total Manufacturing Cost (TMC) and Total Production Cost (TPC). The cost of the land for the plant, which is located at Perai Industrial Estate, Penang, Malaysia (the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia) was obtained from a local property-related website, namely iProperty. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-009-9902-y, Ross R, Monroe R (1972) -Alanine metabolism in the housefly, musca domestica: concentrations in the larvae, pure, and adults. Process design and economic studies of two-step fermentation for production of ascorbic acid. of Biotechnology, GIT, GITAM. Ind Microbiol 37:5459, Gao Y, Liu Z, Liu K, Zhou Z, Cui W (2017) Biocatalytic access to -alanine by a two-enzyme cascade synthesis. Bioinformatics. The cost of instrumentation and controls are calculated based on the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) drawn. As a summary, a series of economic analysis was undertaken to study the feasibility of ascorbic acid production plant in terms of investment concern. Metab Eng 54:244254. taxonomy and fermentation studies. Due to its antibiotic activity, thermostability, biodegradability, and non-toxicity to humans, -PL is used as a food preservative. In the CSTR (R-101), 2-keto-gulonic acid undergoes esterification process with methanol at 64C to produce methyl gluconate [17]. Ochi K. From microbial differentiation to ribosome engineering. The authors would like to thank Enago (www.enago.jp) for the English language review. The aspartic protease in the current study was obtained from A . Sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine how a different value of independent variables affect the dependent variable. Effects of amino acids and overexpression of dapA Gene on the production of -Poly-L-lysine by Streptomyces diastatochromogenes Strains. As shown in the simulated flow sheet attached in Fig. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2015.05.005, Stegen S, Bex T, Vervaet C, Vanhee L, Achten E, Derave W (2014) -Alanine dose for maintaining moderately elevated muscle carnosine levels. Moreover, the cost of utilities for chilled water, cooling water, low-pressure steam, liquid nitrogen, and glycol are also obtained from SuperPro Designer software. J Dalian Polytech Univ 38:14, Liang L, Jin S, Xu J, Zheng Y, Shen Y (2008) Isolation and identification of a bacterial strain G20 capable of -aminopropionitrile bioconversion to -alanine. 1995;59:1099106. (2), the two-step fermentation process replaces the chemical reaction of sorbose to 2-keto-gulonic acid with fermentation that reduces the use of harmful solvents and reagents such as acetone. Streptomyces albulus NBRC14147 produces a homopoly(amino acid), -poly-l-lysine (-PL). Draft genome sequence of the most traditional -Poly-L-Lysine Producer, Streptomyces albulus NBRC14147. https://doi.org/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201802023, Feng Z, Zhang J, Chen G, Ge Y, Zhang X, Zhu H (2019) Extracellular expression of L-aspartatealpha-decarboxylase from Bacillus tequilensis and its application in the biosynthesis of beta-alanine Appl Biochem Biotechnol 189:273283. (1): Sorbitol+Oxygen+Sodium bicarbonateSorbose+Sodium hydroxide+Carbon dioxide+Hydrogen+Water. Wang L, et al. Food Ferment Ind 45:713, Wasternack C (1978) Degradation of pyrimidinesenzymes, localization and role in metabolism. The L-aspartate family amino acids (AFAAs), L-threonine, L-lysine, L-methionine and L-isoleucine have recently been of much interest due to their wide spectrum of applications including food additives, components of cosmetics and therapeutic agents, and animal feed additives. Li Y, Wei H, Wang T, Xu Q, Zhang C, Fan X, Ma Q, Chen N, Xie X. Bioresour Technol. Combinatorial effect of ARTP mutagenesis and ribosome engineering on an industrial strain of streptomyces albus S12 for enhanced biosynthesis of salinomycin. 2. Microbiol China 45:15461554. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101:60156021. Based on the global Vitamin C report, the global revenue of ascorbic acid market has grown drastically from USD 1070 million in the year 2014 to USD 1280 million in the year 2017, with an average annual growth rate of 6.16%. Therefore, we strengthened this expression using an ermE constitutive promoter. However, the capital and operating costs of two-step fermentation are much lower than the Reichstein process, and this outweighs its lower atom economy and conversion efficiency [7]. Itzhaki RF. Biol Chem 254:80748082, Ye W, Xue L, Wang C, Cui W, Zhou Z, Liu Z (2019) Characterization of enzymatic properties of an insect-derived L-aspartate--decarboxylase variant. Hence, by considering both of the best and worth cases, this designed plant is worth to be invested and set up. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Since the production of ascorbic acid is a batch process, the period where process streams are available for heat exchange is different. Amino Acids Biot Res 27:5255, Nozaki S, Webb ME, Niki H (2012) An activator for pyruvoyl-dependent l-aspartate -decarboxylase is conserved in a small group of the -proteobacteria including Escherichia coli. Recent advances in systems metabolic engineering, which combine various high-throughput omics technologies and computational analysis, are now facilitating development of microbial strains efficiently producing AFAAs. and transmitted securely. For this analysis, the independent variables are the total annual revenue, production cost, and tax rate. Shima S, Sakai H. Poly-l-lysine produced by streptomyces. The price of 70% sorbitol solution of pharmaceutical grade is approximately USD 500 per tonne. Subcell Biochem. FH and KA conducted complementation assays and fermentation experiments on S. albulus transformants. Xu Z, et al. SN Appl. Thus, a thorough understanding of the metabolic and regulatory mechanisms of the biosynthesis of these amino acids is urgently needed for designing system-wide metabolic engineering strategies. Before reacting methyl gluconate with sodium carbonate in R-102, 2-ketogulonic acid is cooled to 30C by a cooler (HX-103). The cost estimation was done in compliance with Malaysias new labor law in Employment Act 1955, which requires employers to pay a minimum wage of USD 245 per month. 2014;30:211420. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. 2011 Jan-Feb;29(1):11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.07.009. oUSq>&o- =m^y+va=_=\s]~Ewx! Fae f&Isfmz{opT]%i'TOEr, _h}C~ -93/jVRyWU~h~/adP(.^Y2.ubbA4V\:~m:A?Chs`q&+,O3{%@$/_m[wk;zhkvQ)|d]Gk2zC^%'Jy4rqxovLX -*LtmSU8f0I0@40c$]OAwWv&c1s6KFK9U=0 $ 2'+$)1/-C-y,U4O_-=g 39, +N;+!"!~C)zOx&wMKm:):"pu7grop0>n3. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. J Exp Bot 36:17051715, Fan X, Feng Z, Fang M, Zhang J, Chen G, Li L (2018) Heterologous expression of the Bacillus tequilensis L-aspartate -decarboxylase in Escherichia coli and its high cell density fermentation. Enhancement of -poly-l-lysine production coupled with precursor l-lysine feeding in glucose-glycerol co-fermentation by streptomyces sp. The authors declare no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Aspartic acid proteases, commonly known as acidic proteases, are the endopeptidases that depend on aspartic acid residues for their catalytic activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. Kahar P, Iwata T, Hiraki J, Park EY, Okabe M. Enhancement of epsilon-polylysine production by Streptomyces albulus strain 410 using pH control. Then, the recovery of 2-keto-gulonic acid from sodium keto-gluconic acid is made by a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (GBX-101) through the exchanges of cation and anion with water molecules [15]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. Also, the override control scheme will be used when there is a safety concern, such as to stop the flow of low-pressure steam when the pressure within the heater is too high. Are three major amino acids in fresh coconut water 70 % sorbitol solution of pharmaceutical grade is USD., -poly-l-lysine ( -PL ) consumption of energy and the total production cost, and it followed..., purification of ascorbic acid the Escherichia coli chromosome batches per year million... The detailed P & ID ) drawn and a mixed culture [ 3.! [ 17 ] integration is performed to minimize the consumption of energy and the type of equipment included. 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